Effect of different levels of citrus essential oil and its active component on rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
bioactive component (limonene, 0, 30, 45 and 60 ?L/75mL buffered rumen fluid) to a basal substrate (50% roughage: 50% concentrate) were evaluated in vitro by semi automatic gas production (GP) technique. The investigated essential oil was Citrus reticulata (CR25, CR50, CR75), and Limonene (L30, L45, L60). The analyses of the citrus essential oils by GC/MS showed that the main components were dl-Limonene (83.9 %) and ?- Terpinene (10.75 %) There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in cumulative gas production (GP) after subtracting the blank gas volume for different levels of citrus essential oil or limonene. All levels of citrus essential oil and limonene were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the GP in compare to the substrate without additive. The second and third dose of citrus essential oil or limonene decreased (P < 0.05) methane emission when expressed on dry matter basis, but when expressed on the base of digested organic matter the third dose only from citrus essential oil decreased (P < 0.05) methane emission in vitro. The inhibition of methane production was along with a significant reduction in protozoa count. Partitioning factor (PF) was used as an index of the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in vitro. There was no significant effect of citrus essential oils on PF, while limonene supplementation declined (P < 0.05) the PF values. The inclusion of citrus essential oil or limonene was affected negatively on true digestibility of dry and organic matter. The NH3-N concentration was dramatically declined with inclusion of high level of citrus or limonene. This study suggested that the citrus essential oil has the potential to affect ruminal fermentation efficiency and could be a promising methane mitigating agent, which attributed to its rich content of limonene.
Key words: citrus, limonene, essential oil, gas production, methane, protozoa, degradation.
Article Details
Those authors that have publications with this journal accept the following terms:
1. They will retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows third parties to share the work whenever its author is indicated and its first publication this journal. Under this license the author will be free of:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
2. The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements to distribute the published version of the work (e.g., deposit it in an institutional telematics file or publish it in a monographic volume) whenever the initial publication is indicated in this journal.
3. The authors are allowed and recommended disseminating their work through the Internet (e.g. in institutional telematics archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase the citations of the published work. (See the Effect of open access).