Función de los aditivos zootécnicos en la productividad y salud de los conejos
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Resumen
En Latinoamérica, los antibióticos subterapéuticos se utilizan comúnmente en la producción de animales monogástricos, aunque su uso en conejos tiene menor relevancia que en aves y cerdos. Es conocido que su utilización genera resistencia bacteriana y tienen efectos nocivos comprobados en la salud humana. Esta revisión aborda la caracterización y uso de nuevos aditivos nutracéuticos, con énfasis en los fitobióticos, probióticos y prebióticos y su efecto en los indicadores biológicos de conejos en diferentes categorías productivas. Estas alternativas naturales tienen efectos antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios, antioxidantes, inmunomoduladores e hipocolesterolémicos, lo que puede estimular la microbiota nativa, la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta y puede provocar eubiosis microbiana y, por ende, mejorar la salud intestinal, digestibilidad, eficiencia productiva y calidad de la carne de conejos. Además, pueden paliar los efectos perjudiciales de algunas enfermedades bacterianas e intoxicaciones comunes. No obstante, la eficacia de estas alternativas naturales dependerá de la cepa probiótica utilizada, de los metabolitos secundarios mayoritarios en los fitobióticos y de la estructura química de los prebióticos, así como del estado de salud, dieta, edad y categoría productiva de los conejos.
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