In animal production, it is essential to know the bromatological composition of food, such as the levels of protein, fiber, energy and minerals, to establish the nutritional balance in the diets intended for animals. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the microbiological quality of feed to prevent it from affecting animal performance, in terms of intake, digestibility and absorption of nutrients (Lezcano et al. 2014Lezcano, P.P., Berto, D.A., Bicudo, S.J., Curcelli, F., Figueiredo, P. & Valdivie, N.M. 2014. "Yuca ensilada como fuente de energía para cerdos en crecimiento". Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, 18(3): 41-47, ISSN: 0188-7890., Caicedo 2015Caicedo, W. 2015. Valoración nutritiva del ensilado de tubérculos de papa china (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) y su uso en la alimentación de cerdos en crecimiento ceba. PhD Thesis. Universidad de Granma, Bayamo, Cuba, p.43., Brea 2015Brea, O. 2015. Obtención de un alimento energético-proteico a partir de la fermentación en estado sólido de la harina del fruto del árbol del pan (Artocarpus altilis) y su empleo en dietas para conejos y cerdos. PhD Thesis. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Mayabeque, Cuba, p.72. and Milián et al. 2019Milián, G., Rondón, A.J., Pérez, M.L., Martínez, Y., Boucourt, R., Rodríguez, M., Beruvides, A. & Portilla, Y. 2019. "Stability of the zootechnical additives SUBTILPROBIO® C-31, C-34 and E-44 under different temperature conditions". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 53(3): 241-248, ISSN: 2079-3480.).
For the above reasons, the study of microbiological and chemical characteristics of an additive constitutes a premise to introduce a new product in animal feeding (Caicedo and Valle 2017Caicedo, W. & Valle, S. 2017. Cap. 8: Fermentación de tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Scott). Un alimento funcional para porcinos en la región Amazónica. In: Alimento Funcional. Ed. Académica Española, Madrid, España, pp. 184-200, ISBN: 978-3-639-53478-8. and Rodríguez et al. 2020Rodríguez, M., Milián, G., Rondón, A., Bocourt, R., Sarduy, L. & Beruvides, A. 2020. "Chemical and microbiological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae creams, obtained from different Cuban distilleries". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 54(3): 323-330, ISSN: 2079-3480.). In previous studies of Elías and Herrera (2008)Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13. and Vitaluña (2014)Vitaluña, O.V.M. 2014. Evaluación de diferentes niveles de VITAFERT en crecimiento-engorde de cerdos. Diploma Thesis. Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, p. 48., information is provided about the chemical and microbiological characterization of VITAFERT, produced in laboratory-scale fermenters. However, it is unknown whether this composition is maintained under small-scale production conditions. Therefore, the objective of this research was to chemically and microbiologically characterize the zootechnical additive VITAFERT, obtained under small-scale production conditions.
Obtaining the inoculum. The inoculum was obtained from natural yogurt, produced in the Empresa Combinado de la Industria Láctea (ECIL) of Matanzas, Cuba. This product was produced with strains from the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Industria de los Alimentos (IIIA) collection: Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus. The culture was at a concentration of 107 CFU.mL-1, which corresponds to normal values for the production of natural yogurt. The inoculum was stored at 4 °C until its use.
To obtain the microbial preparation, the methodology proposed by Elías and Herrera (2008)Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13., modified by Beruvides et al. (2018)Beruvides, A., Elías, A., Valiño, E.C., Milián, G., Rodríguez, M. & González, R. 2018. "Comportamiento productivo y de salud en lechones lactantes suplementadas con azúcar fermentado con yogurt". Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30, Article #72, Available: ˂http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd30/4/agust30072.html˃., was used as a guideline. For this research, five batches were elaborated, prepared in 20 L plastic tanks at the same time, in which all the components were weighed and mixed with the substitution of the final molasses, as carbon source, for raw sugar plus the addition of inoculum (natural yogurt). The biopreparation was kept in fermentation for 96 h, at room temperature (24 oC), and was activated every 12 h by shaking with a wooden paddle. Its formulation is presented in table 1, as well as the energy and protein contributions of the used raw materials.
Source: NRC (2012)NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Nutrients Requirements of Pigs, 10th Rev. Ed. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A., p. 212, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/6016. *, IIIA**, De Blos et al. (2007)De Blos, C., González, G. & García, P. 2007. Urea - Tablas FEDNA de composición y valor nutritivo de alimentos para la formulación de piensos compuestos. Madrid, España, Available: ˂https://www.engormix.com/ganaderia-carne/articulos/urea-tablas-fedna-composicion-t27207.htm˃ [Consulted: February 25th, 2019]. ***
Chemical characterization. Three samples were taken from each batch of VITAFERT to determine the content of dry matter (DM), ashes (C), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and crude protein (CP), according to the methodology described by AOAC (2010)AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2010. Official Methods of Analysis.18th Ed. Horwitz, W. & Latimer, G. (eds). Ed. AOAC International. Washington D.C., U.S.A, pp. 935-955..
Determination of pH and count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts. To determine pH performance and the presence of these microorganisms during the production of this zootechnical additive, measurements were made every four hours until 96 h in the five studied batches.
To count the LAB and yeasts, serial dilutions of samples (1:10, v/v) were made in peptone water up to 10-11. Of these dilutions, in the first 12 h, 10-7, 10-8 and 10-9 were used for LAB, and 10-9 10-10 and 10-11 for the following hours, for the purpose of deep cultivation on plates with MRS agar (De Mann et al. 1960De Mann, J.C., Rogosa, M. & Sharpe, M.E. 1960. "A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli". Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 23(1): 130-135, ISSN: 1365-2672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1960.tb00188.x.) (BIOCEN, Cuba). For yeasts, dilutions 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 were taken in the first 12 h, and later those of 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 were used. Each of them was repeated three times (1 mL) on Rose Bengal Agar (Rose Bengal 0.05% and chloramphenicol 0.5%) (HISPANLAB, Spain). After incubation at 37 ºC (for 72 h for LAB and 48 h for yeasts), the microbial count was carried out. The number of CFU was determined by visual counting of colonies using a magnifying glass.
Count of contaminating microorganisms. It was carried out in accordance with current standards, described for studies of the microbiological quality of food for human and animal intake NC-ISO (table 2). For this, serial dilutions of samples were carried out (NC ISO 6887-1: 2002NC-ISO 6887-1. 2002. Microbiología de los alimentos de consumo humano y animal. Preparación de la muestra de ensayo, la suspensión inicial y las diluciones seriadas decimales. Parte 1. Oficina Nacional de Normalización, La Habana, Cuba.) and the techniques for determining the different groups of microorganisms were performed.
For the study of VITAFERT stability at room temperature (24 ± 5ºC) for 90 d, an experiment with a completely randomized design was developed. It was carried out in the microbiology laboratory of the Planta de Conservas y Alimentos Libertad, in Colón municipality, Matanzas province, Cuba.
According to the methodology described above, 20 L of the zootechnical additive were prepared and distributed into plastic containers of 1 L capacity that were kept indoors. During days 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90, three samples were taken for analysis. The stability of this biological product was determined from the pH analysis and the counting of LAB and viable yeasts.
Statistical analysis. Dispersion statistics (mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) were used for the chemical and microbiological characterization of VITAFERT. The pH values, concentrations of LAB and yeasts were processed by means of a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan (1955)Duncan, D.B. 1955. “Multiple range and Multiple F Tests". Biometrics, 11(1): 1-42, ISSN: 0006-341X, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478. test for P<0.05. Data was processed in INFOSTAT statistical package, version 2012 (Di Rienzo et al. 2012Di Rienzo, J.A., Casanoves, F., Balzarini, M.G., González, L., Tablada, M. & Robledo, C.W. 2012. InfoStat, Version 2012 (Windows). Grupo InfoStat, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Available: http://www.infostat.com.ar.).
Tables 3 and 4 show the results of the chemical and microbiological characterization of VITAFERT. Chemical composition values were in correspondence with the determinations reported by Elías and Herrera (2008)Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13., except DM, which presented figures in the order of 9.72%. Meanwhile, the cited authors obtained values of 15.05%. These results were related to the substitution of molasses for raw sugar.
Results are the average of three determinations SD- standard deviation; CV- coefficient of variation, %
Results of DM and Ca indicators oscillated in the ranges determined by Gutiérrez et al. (2012)Gutiérrez, D., Elías, A., García, R., Herrera, F., Jordán, H. & Sarduy, L. 2012. "Influence of a microbial additive on the voluntary intake of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and indicators of the ruminal fermentation of goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 46(2): 211-216, ISSN: 2079-3480. in characterizations of the same product with final molasses as energy source. Similarly, Beruvides (2013)Beruvides, A. 2013. Efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de VITAFERT sobre el comportamiento productivo y de salud en la ceba porcina. PhD Thesis. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Mayabeque, Cuba, p.86. prepared the zootechnical additive VITAFERT under production conditions, also formulated with final molasses as energy source. This author performed the chemical characterization from 0 h up to 96 h, and obtained similar values to those reported in this study for DM, CP and pH.
It is confirmed that the methodology applied to obtain this biopreparation under small-scale production conditions does not cause considerable variations in its chemical composition, when compared to laboratory-scale fermenters. Data indicate that there is repeatability in the results. This means that when these components are used, under the same conditions, there are no changes in the studied parameters.
In the current research, pH (3.9-4.0) remained within the ranges established for biological products of this category (Elías and Herrera 2008Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13. and Roján 2009Roján, L.E. 2009. Empleo de un producto biológicamente activo VITAFERT en precebas porcinas. Master Thesis. Instituto de Ciencia Animal, La Habana, Cuba, p.53.). Caicedo and Valle (2017)Caicedo, W. & Valle, S. 2017. Cap. 8: Fermentación de tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Scott). Un alimento funcional para porcinos en la región Amazónica. In: Alimento Funcional. Ed. Académica Española, Madrid, España, pp. 184-200, ISBN: 978-3-639-53478-8. defined that these pH values allow stability over time and conservation of biological products. Therefore, this zootechnical additive has an acceptable quality for its use in animal feeding. In addition, these acidity levels reduce the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and other contaminants (Vega et al. 2013Vega, C., Pichiuha, B., Peña, C. & Zavaleta, A. 2013. "Efecto simbiótico del extracto de Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón) y Lactobacillus plantarum frente a Escherichia coli". Ciencia e Investigación, 16(2): 77-82, ISSN: 1609-9044., Vélez et al. 2015Vélez, J., Gutíerrez, L. & Montoya, O. 2015. "Evaluación de la actividad bactericida de bacterias ácido lácticas aisladas en calostro de cerdas frente a Salmonella typhimurium". Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía-Medellín, 68(1): 7481-7486, ISSN: 0304-2847. and Milián et al. 2017Milián, G., Rondón, A.J., Pérez, M., Arteaga, F., Bocourt, R., Portilla, Y., Rodríguez, M., Pérez, Y., Beruvides, A. & Laurencio, M. 2017. "Methodology for the isolation, identification and selection of Bacillus spp. strains for the preparation of animal additives". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 51(2): 197-207, ISSN: 2079-3480.).
Flores-Mancheno et al. (2015)Flores-Mancheno, L.G., García-Hernández, Y., Proaño-Ortiz, F.B. & Caicedo-Quinche, W.O. 2015. "Evaluación de tres dosis de un preparado microbiano, obtenido en Ecuador, en la respuesta productiva y sanitaria de cerdos en posdestete". Ciencia y Agricultura, 12(2): 59-70, ISSN: 2539-0899, DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.4392. characterized the pH of a biological product, intended for pigs in the pre-fattening and growth-fattening stages, formulated with fresh whey, urea and sugar cane molasses. These authors reported a pH of 3.87, similar to that obtained in the current study. This could be related to the presence of a considerable population of LAB, which produces organic acids (lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric) and lowers the pH (Belkacem-hanfi et al. 2014Belkacem-Hanfi, N., Fhoula, I., Semmar, N., Guesmi, A., Perraud-Gaime, I., Ouzari, H., Boudabous, A. & Roussos, S. 2014. "Lactic acid bacteria against post-harvest moulds and ochratoxina isolated from stored wheat". Biological Control, 76: 52-59, ISSN: 1049-9644, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.05.001.). Studies carried out by Caicedo and Valle (2017)Caicedo, W. & Valle, S. 2017. Cap. 8: Fermentación de tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Scott). Un alimento funcional para porcinos en la región Amazónica. In: Alimento Funcional. Ed. Académica Española, Madrid, España, pp. 184-200, ISBN: 978-3-639-53478-8. reported a similar performance to that observed in this study for pH, when they elaborated a microbial biopreparation destined for pigs, which contained natural yogurt, whey, B molasses and taro tubers.
The microbiological analysis did not show contaminating microorganisms in VITAFERT samples (table 4). These results may be caused by the presence of high concentrations of organic acids (mainly lactic and acetic) or bacteriocins provided by LAB (superior to 109 CFU.mL-1), which allow the product to be kept free of contaminants, which makes it viable for the use in animals.
Elías and Herrera (2008)Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13., Gutiérrez et al. (2012)Gutiérrez, D., Elías, A., García, R., Herrera, F., Jordán, H. & Sarduy, L. 2012. "Influence of a microbial additive on the voluntary intake of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and indicators of the ruminal fermentation of goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 46(2): 211-216, ISSN: 2079-3480. and Beruvides (2013)Beruvides, A. 2013. Efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de VITAFERT sobre el comportamiento productivo y de salud en la ceba porcina. PhD Thesis. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Mayabeque, Cuba, p.86. characterized, from the microbiological point of view, one of the variants of VITAFERT that contained final molasses as energy source, and obtained values in the ranges of 109 and 1010 CFU.mL-1 for Lactobacillus spp., and between 106 and 107 CFU.mL-1 for yeasts. In the present research, higher values were quantified for LAB, which could be related to the substitution of final molasses for raw sugar, or to the initial population that presented the inoculum (natural yogurt).
Figure 1 shows the results of LAB and yeast count over time. It was found that during fermentation process, LABs grow to values of 29 natural logarithm (NL) UFC.mL-1 and yeasts, in the order of 20 NL UFC.mL-1.
The pH decreased from 8.5 to 4.0 from the beginning of fermentation until 96 h. By studying the growth kinetics of LABs and yeasts in the small-scale fermentation process, it was found that as pH decreases, the growth of both microbial groups progressively increases. This confirms the statements of León (2012)León, M.F. 2012. Evaluación in vitro de cepas de bacterias ácido lácticas nativas con potencial probiótico. Diploma Thesis. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay., who informed that these microorganisms can grow in a wide pH range (between 4-7), unlike other microbial groups such as coliforms, Salmonella spp. and Bacillus spp., which inhibit their growth under acidic conditions (Pavlović et al. 2016Pavlović, M., Marković, R., Stamen-Radulović, V., Teodorović, A.N., Jakić-Dimić, D., & Šefer, D. 2016. The use of organic acids in animal nutrition. In: Second International Symposium of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia, p. 233.). These values of pH and microbial concentration are in the optimal ranges for the application of this product for feeding pigs. However, it is not known if this composition is maintained over time, so it is necessary to study its stability for a period of 90 d.
Figure 2 shows the pH values and LAB and yeast counts of the different batches of VITAFERT. These determinations are within the ranges established by Elías and Herrera (2008)Elías, A. & Herrera, F.R. 2008. Producción de alimentos para animales a través de procesos biotecnológicos sencillos con el empleo de microorganismos beneficiosos activados (MEBA). Instituto de Ciencia Animal, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, p. 8-13., and Beruvides (2013)Beruvides, A. 2013. Efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de VITAFERT sobre el comportamiento productivo y de salud en la ceba porcina. PhD Thesis. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Mayabeque, Cuba, p.86..
As demonstrated in figure 2, yeasts from three to 15 d maintained values of 107 CFU.mL-1. Subsequently, there was a decrease of viable cells (106 CFU.mL-1) from 30 d, remaining in this order until the end of the study. LABs gradually increased during the first 15 d to 1012 CFU.mL-1. Then, there was a decrease to 109 CFU.mL-1 at 90 d. The pH showed a value of 4.0 after 72 h, and maintained its stability until 90 d. This result could be associated with the production of organic acids (lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric) by LABs (Vázquez et al. 2009Vázquez, S.M., Suárez, H. & Zapata, S. 2009. "Utilización de sustancias antimicrobianas producidas por bacterias ácido lácticas en la conservación de la carne". Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 36(1): 64-71, ISSN: 0717-7518, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182009000100007.).
The results agree with those obtained by Brizuela (2003)Brizuela, M.A. 2003. Selección de cepas de bacterias ácido lácticas para la obtención de un preparado con propiedades probióticas y su evaluación en cerdos. PhD Thesis. Instituto de Ciencia Animal, La Habana, Cuba. p.59., who evaluated some stability parameters of a biopreparation for probiotic purposes, intended for pigs and made with Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. Similar studies were carried out by Rondón (2009)Rondón, A.J. 2009. Obtención de biopreparados a partir de lactobacilos autóctonos del tracto digestivo de pollos y evaluación de su efecto probiótico en estos animales. PhD Thesis. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, La Habana, Cuba, p. 131., in which the stability of two biopreparations of Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salivarius C-7 and C-65 was determined. This author found that, after 30 days, LABs viability is affected, because, under these conditions, cells continue their metabolism and the essential nutrients for their development are consumed.
Ramírez et al. (2011)Ramírez, J.C., Rosas, P., Velázquez, M.Y., Ulloa, J.A. & Arce, F. 2011. "Bacterias lácticas: Importancia y su efecto en la salud". Revista Fuente, 2(7): 1-16, ISSN: 2007-0713. and Powthong and Suntornthiticharoen (2015)Powthong, P. & Suntornthiticharoen, P. 2015. "Isolation, identification and analysis of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria from selective various traditional thai fermented food and kefir". Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(2): 67-74, ISSN: 1994-7984, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2015.67.74. report that the presence of LAB in biological products guarantees safety and stability for their use in animal feed. These microorganisms have several applications, and one of the most important is food fermentation (milk, meat and vegetables) to obtain products such as yogurt, cheese, pickles, sausages and silage. In this way, it contributes to the biopreservation and quality of food sensorial characteristics.
When carbohydrates ferment, LAB microorganisms produce a mixture of compounds with antimicrobial action, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl and low molecular weight peptides, called bacteriocins, which inhibit the proliferation of other microbial groups that do not tolerate the presence of these compounds (Rodríguez et al. 2013Rodríguez, R., Lores, J., Gutiérrez, D., Ramírez, A., Gómez, S., Elías, A., Aldana, A.I., Moreira, O., Sarduy, L. & Jay, O. 2013. "Inclusion of the microbial additive Vitafert in the in vitro ruminal fermentation of a goat diet". Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 47(2): 171-178, ISSN: 2079-3480.).
Caicedo and Valle (2017)Caicedo, W. & Valle, S. 2017. Cap. 8: Fermentación de tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Scott). Un alimento funcional para porcinos en la región Amazónica. In: Alimento Funcional. Ed. Académica Española, Madrid, España, pp. 184-200, ISBN: 978-3-639-53478-8. reported that pH is a very important indicator for fermentation processes. Its decrease is one of the most substantial changes that occur during the production of a biopreparation. Adedeji et al. (2011)Adedeji, L.O., Olapade-Ogunwole, F., Farayola, C.O. & Adejumo, I.O. 2011. "Productivity effects of occupational hazards among poultry farmers and farm workers in Osogbo Local Govermment área of Osumn State". International Journal of Poultry Science, 10(11): 876-870, ISSN: 1682-8356. defined that pH is directly related to the degradative processes that occur during conservation. In this sense, when a biological product reaches pH values between 3.8 and 4.2, its stability is achieved. This condition causes a restriction of the activity of proteolytic enzymes and the suppression of enterobacteria and Clostridium (López et al. 2013López, M.P.C., Zolim, J.F.A., Alberton, L.R., Otutumi, L.K., Silveira, A.P. & Mesa, S.K.L. 2013. "Caracterização nutricional da silagem de bagaço de cana de açucar (Saccharum officinarum L) adicionada ou não de soro de queijo e/ou grão de milho". Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da UNIPAR, 16(1): 41-46, ISSN: 1982-1131.). The results of the current research are in the range of pH values recommended for this type of additive.
According to Rendón et al. (2015)Rendón, L., Añez, M., Salvatierra, A., Meneses, R., Heredia, M. & Rodríguez, M. 2015. "Probióticos: Generalidades". Archivos Venezolanos de Puericultura y Pediatría, 74(8): 123-128, ISSN: 0004-0649., the action mechanisms of biological products with pH values equal or inferior to 4, imply the inhibition of growth of pathogenic bacteria, the production of lactic acid and the decrease of intestinal permeability when diarrhea occurs, as well as the increase of lactase activity and immunity stimulation. In this way, pH decrease in the obtained product is an indicator of the presence of lactic acid bacteria, as resulted in this research.
It is concluded that the methodology used for the preparation of the zootechnical additive VITAFERT, under small-scale production conditions, allowed to obtain a good quality biological product, composed of high levels of LAB and yeasts. These levels of microorganisms within the microbial preparation show stability in their viability up to 15 d, while the pH remains with a value of 4 for 90 d.